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Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 333-346 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7

Abstract: Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating theIn this review, the current understanding of innate immunity contributing to the restriction of RNA viralBesides the main role of immune cells in combating viral infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogenThis knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infectionsin general and aids in the preparation for the existing and next emerging viral infections.

Keywords： innate immune     viral infection     intercellular signaling     metabolic changes     epigenetic changes    

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A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Xuekun GUO,Wenhai FENG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 114-120 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014022

Abstract: Recently, host microRNAs were shown to be capable of modulating PRRSV infection and replication by multipleways such as targeting viral genomic RNA, targeting viral receptor and inducing antiviral response.In this review, we discuss the identified functions of host microRNAs in relation to PRRSV infection

Keywords： porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)     microRNA     antiviral     viral tropism    

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The first avian influenza A (H7N9) viral infection in humans in Zhejiang Province, China: a death report

Enfu Chen, Fenjuan Wang, Huakun Lv, Yanjun Zhang, Hua Ding, Shelan Liu, Jian Cai, Li Xie, Xiaoping Xu, Chengliang Chai, Haiyan Mao, Jimin Sun, Junfen Lin, Zhao Yu, Lianhong Li, Zhiping Chen, Shichang Xia

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 333-344 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0275-1

Abstract:

This study reports the first death caused by a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province, China. The patient had chronic hepatitis B and history of exposure to poultry. The patient initially complained of diarrhea and influenza-like symptoms on March 7 and 14 respectively. The disease progressed to severe pneumonia, sustained hypoxia, and coagulation abnormalities. The patient died on March 27 because of respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation without oseltamivir treatment. This H7N9 virus from Zhejiang is highly similar to isolates obtained from Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, etc. Analysis of hemagglutinin, neuramidinase, and matrix genes indicated that the isolates share the same avian origin, have low virulence, and are sensitive to oseltamivir, but are resistant to adamantine. Only the isolate that caused the fatality exhibited substitution of Q226I in the HA gene, which indicates a potentially enhanced human affinity. The secondary transmission rate was 1.6% (2/125). Only two health workers presented with influenza-like symptoms, and they subsequently tested negative for H7N9 RNA. In conclusion, underlying disease, late diagnosis, and untimely antiviral treatment are possible high-risk factors for infections and death caused by the low-pathogenicity avian influenza A (H7N9). Person-to-person transmission of the H7N9 virus was not detected among close contacts, but such transmission should be investigated in the future. Expanding and enhancing surveillance will help in the early discovery and diagnosis of suspected cases, which will reduce the number of severe cases and deaths.

Keywords： avian influenza A (H7N9) virus     epidemiology     contacts     person-to-person transmission    

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Analysis of antibiotic usage for viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Rongmeng Jiang, Bing Han, Chang Dou, Fei Zhou, Bin Cao, Xingwang Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 139-143 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0736-2

Abstract: The rationale for the antibiotic treatment of viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults wasClinical data from 166 patients diagnosed with viral pneumonia across 14 hospitals in Beijing from NovemberA total of 163 (98.3%) patients with viral pneumonia were treated with antibiotics.A total of 39 of the 163 (23.9%) patients did not meet the guidelines for drug selection for viral CAPThe unreasonable use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of viral CAP in adults is a serious concern

Keywords： adult     antibiotic     viral pneumonia    

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Correlation between viral load and liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients

Lili LIU MM , Jiyao WANG MD , Weimin SHE MM ,

Frontiers of Medicine 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 271-276 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0054-1

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels during the course and the progression to cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B. A total of 239 chronic hepatitis B patients confirmed by liver biopsy between 2001 and 2007 were followed up for a median of 28 months. Compared with the patients without cirrhosis, the patients progressed to cirrhosis were older and with higher HBV-DNA levels at end point. However, there was no significant difference in cirrhosis progression between different HBV-DNA groups at baseline ( = 0.531). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher HBV-DNA level at endpoint had increasing risk of cirrhosis ( = 0.019). The results of Cox model indicated that HBV-DNA levels at endpoint, stage of fibrosis, negative hepatitis B e antigen, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase at baseline were independent risk factors of cirrhosis. The relative risk ratios were 1.898, 1.918, 8.976, and 1.006, respectively. Progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients is correlated with HBV-DNA levels during follow-up.

Keywords： hepatitis B     chronic     viral load     liver cirrhosis    

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INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 447-459 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021399

Abstract: N-formylpiperidine were consistently identified in the fennel rhizosphere and were found to interfere with the infectionbetween non-host roots and pathogens were found to be an important factor in the inhibition by fennel of infection

Keywords： fennel and tobacco rotation     infection behavior     Phytophthora nicotianae     reactive oxygen species    

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Clinical significance of human papilloma virus infection in the cervical lesions

Shuang LI, Yu-Han MENG, Hu TING, Jian SHEN, Ding MA

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 264-270 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0094-6

Abstract: Cervical cancer, related with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, has been one of the severest diseasesThe universality of HPV infection in the reproductive tract should not be ignored.The well-known risk factors of HPV infection in cervical lesions consist of high-risk sexual behaviorsThe variation of cervical lesions induced by HPV infection is involved in the continuous pathological, persistent HPV infection, HPV loading dose, and multiple HPV infection.

Keywords： cervical lesion     high risk-human papilloma virus     persistent infection     loading dose     cervical intraepithelial    

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Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 285-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016119

Abstract: Also, two viral diseases, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), causeGenetic engineering provides promising approaches to improve nutritional value and increase resistance to viralprotein content by overexpression of nutritious storage proteins and improving cassava resistance to viral

Keywords： Manihot esculenta     protein enhancement     RNA interference     transgenesis     virus resistance    

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Development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging

Xiaohuan Wang, Peng Zou, Fan Wu, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang

Frontiers of Medicine 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 449-461 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0589-5

Abstract: In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress in the development of small-molecule viralThese viruses can interfere with the specific steps of viral life cycle by blocking the binding betweenvirus and host cells, disrupting viral endocytosis, disturbing membrane fusion, and interrupting viralWe also discuss some general strategies for developing small-molecule viral inhibitors.

Keywords： emerging and re-emerging viruses     small-molecule inhibitor     coronavirus     Ebola virus     Zika virus     life cycle    

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Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6,   Pages 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

Rui Yu,Rong Fan,Jinlin Hou

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 135-144 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0331-5

Abstract: The universal vaccination program since 1992 has changed the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection

Keywords： chronic hepatitis B     epidemiology     prevention     treatment    

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Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

James S. Park,Calvin Pan

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 158-165 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0340-4

Abstract: although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infectionduring the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis B viralIn this article, we will review the features of hepatitis B infection before, during and after the pregnancy

Keywords： antiviral therapy     Caesarean section     cirrhosis     hepatitis B     immunoprophylaxis     mother-to-child transmission     pregnancy     prevention    

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Differences in Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Between Influenza and COVID-19 Patients Article

Marina Kljaković-Gašpić Batinjan, Tea Petrović, Frano Vučković, Irzal Hadžibegović, Barbara Radovani, Ivana Jurin, Lovorka Đerek, Eva Huljev, Alemka Markotić, Ivica Lukšić, Irena Trbojević-Akmačić, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj, Rok Čivljak

Engineering 2023, Volume 26, Issue 7,   Pages 54-62 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.007

Abstract:

The essential role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune system regulation and combatting infectious diseases cannot be fully recognized without an understanding of the changes in its N-glycans attached to the asparagine 297 of the Fc domain that occur under such circumstances. These glycans impact the antibody stability, half-life, secretion, immunogenicity, and effector functions. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed and compared the total IgG glycome—at the level of individual glycan structures and derived glycosylation traits (sialylation, galactosylation, fucosylation, and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc))—of 64 patients with influenza, 77 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and 56 healthy controls. Our study revealed a significant decrease in IgG galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting GlcNAc (where the latter shows the most significant decrease) in deceased COVID-19 patients, whereas IgG fucosylation was increased. On the other hand, IgG galactosylation remained stable in influenza patients and COVID-19 survivors. IgG glycosylation in influenza patients was more time-dependent: In the first seven days of the disease, sialylation increased and fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAc decreased; in the next 21 days, sialylation decreased and fucosylation increased (while bisecting GlcNAc remained stable). The similarity of IgG glycosylation changes in COVID-19 survivors and influenza patients may be the consequence of an adequate immune response to enveloped viruses, while the observed changes in deceased COVID-19 patients may indicate its deviation.

Keywords： Influenza     COVID-19     Viral infection     Glycosylation     Immunoglobulin G     Pneumonia    

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Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and the quality of infection hygiene in

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1333-y

Abstract:

• Staff members were not colonised with MRSA.

Keywords： Antibiotic resistance     Airborne MRSA     Bioaerosols     Healthcare-associated infections     Healthcare worker     Occupational health    

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Gynecologic infections seen in ThinPrep cytological test in Wuhan, China

Hang Zhou,Yao Jia,Jian Shen,Shaoshuai Wang,Xiong Li,Ru Yang,Kecheng Huang,Ting Hu,Fangxu Tang,Jin Zhou,Jingping Yuan,Lei Huang,Xun Tian,Zhilan Chen,Qinghua Zhang,Changyu Wang,Ling Xi,Dongrui Deng,Hui Wang,Ding Ma,Shuang Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 236-240 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0322-6

Abstract: In conclusion, bacterial infection was the most detectable in the ThinPrep smears, followed by infection identified by TCT was found to be similar in previous literature in China

Keywords： ThinPrep cytological test     human papillomavirus     Candida infection     Trichomonas infection     bacterial infection    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

Journal Article

A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Xuekun GUO,Wenhai FENG

Journal Article

The first avian influenza A (H7N9) viral infection in humans in Zhejiang Province, China: a death report

Enfu Chen, Fenjuan Wang, Huakun Lv, Yanjun Zhang, Hua Ding, Shelan Liu, Jian Cai, Li Xie, Xiaoping Xu, Chengliang Chai, Haiyan Mao, Jimin Sun, Junfen Lin, Zhao Yu, Lianhong Li, Zhiping Chen, Shichang Xia

Journal Article

Analysis of antibiotic usage for viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Rongmeng Jiang, Bing Han, Chang Dou, Fei Zhou, Bin Cao, Xingwang Li

Journal Article

Correlation between viral load and liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients

Lili LIU MM , Jiyao WANG MD , Weimin SHE MM ,

Journal Article

INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

Journal Article

Clinical significance of human papilloma virus infection in the cervical lesions

Shuang LI, Yu-Han MENG, Hu TING, Jian SHEN, Ding MA

Journal Article

Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

Journal Article

Development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging

Xiaohuan Wang, Peng Zou, Fan Wu, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang

Journal Article

Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

Journal Article

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

Rui Yu,Rong Fan,Jinlin Hou

Journal Article

Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

James S. Park,Calvin Pan

Journal Article

Differences in Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Between Influenza and COVID-19 Patients

Marina Kljaković-Gašpić Batinjan, Tea Petrović, Frano Vučković, Irzal Hadžibegović, Barbara Radovani, Ivana Jurin, Lovorka Đerek, Eva Huljev, Alemka Markotić, Ivica Lukšić, Irena Trbojević-Akmačić, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj, Rok Čivljak

Journal Article

Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and the quality of infection hygiene in

Journal Article

Gynecologic infections seen in ThinPrep cytological test in Wuhan, China

Hang Zhou,Yao Jia,Jian Shen,Shaoshuai Wang,Xiong Li,Ru Yang,Kecheng Huang,Ting Hu,Fangxu Tang,Jin Zhou,Jingping Yuan,Lei Huang,Xun Tian,Zhilan Chen,Qinghua Zhang,Changyu Wang,Ling Xi,Dongrui Deng,Hui Wang,Ding Ma,Shuang Li

Journal Article